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 has_many :pages, lambda {order('title')}, :class_name => 'WikiPage', :dependent => :destroy

  has_many :pages, lambda {order('lower(title)')}, :class_name => 'WikiPage', :dependent => :destroy 

patch is attached too.

A warning occurred when I created a test and applied patch2.diff to the trunk.

diff --git a/test/unit/wiki_test.rb b/test/unit/wiki_test.rb
index b4ecd29bb..9184d4efc 100644
--- a/test/unit/wiki_test.rb
+++ b/test/unit/wiki_test.rb
@@ -52,6 +52,16 @@ class WikiTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert_equal page, wiki.find_page('ANOTHER page')
   end

+  def test_ordering_pages_should_not_be_case_sensitive
+    wiki = Wiki.find(1)
+    wiki.pages.destroy_all
+    %w(Acc ABc Aace_ Aac).each do |title|
+      wiki.pages.create(:title => title)
+    end
+    wiki.reload
+    assert_equal %w(Aac Aace_ ABc Acc), wiki.pages.pluck(:title)
+  end
+
   def test_find_page_with_cyrillic_characters
     wiki = Wiki.find(1)
     page = WikiPage.find(10)

$ bundle exec rake test TEST=test/unit/wiki_test.rb:56
Run options: --seed 43297

# Running:

DEPRECATION WARNING: Dangerous query method (method whose arguments are used as raw SQL) called with non-attribute argument(s): "LOWER(title)". Non-attribute arguments will be disallowed in Rails 6.0. This method should not be called with user-provided values, such as request parameters or model attributes. Known-safe values can be passed by wrapping them in Arel.sql(). (called from block in <class:Wiki> at ./app/models/wiki.rb:23)
DEPRECATION WARNING: Dangerous query method (method whose arguments are used as raw SQL) called with non-attribute argument(s): "LOWER(title)". Non-attribute arguments will be disallowed in Rails 6.0. This method should not be called with user-provided values, such as request parameters or model attributes. Known-safe values can be passed by wrapping them in Arel.sql(). (called from block in <class:Wiki> at ./app/models/wiki.rb:23)
DEPRECATION WARNING: Dangerous query method (method whose arguments are used as raw SQL) called with non-attribute argument(s): "LOWER(title)". Non-attribute arguments will be disallowed in Rails 6.0. This method should not be called with user-provided values, such as request parameters or model attributes. Known-safe values can be passed by wrapping them in Arel.sql(). (called from test_ordering_pages_should_not_be_case_sensitive at ./test/unit/wiki_test.rb:57)
DEPRECATION WARNING: Dangerous query method (method whose arguments are used as raw SQL) called with non-attribute argument(s): "LOWER(title)". Non-attribute arguments will be disallowed in Rails 6.0. This method should not be called with user-provided values, such as request parameters or model attributes. Known-safe values can be passed by wrapping them in Arel.sql(). (called from initialize at ./app/models/wiki_page.rb:74)
DEPRECATION WARNING: Dangerous query method (method whose arguments are used as raw SQL) called with non-attribute argument(s): "LOWER(title)". Non-attribute arguments will be disallowed in Rails 6.0. This method should not be called with user-provided values, such as request parameters or model attributes. Known-safe values can be passed by wrapping them in Arel.sql(). (called from initialize at ./app/models/wiki_page.rb:74)
DEPRECATION WARNING: Dangerous query method (method whose arguments are used as raw SQL) called with non-attribute argument(s): "LOWER(title)". Non-attribute arguments will be disallowed in Rails 6.0. This method should not be called with user-provided values, such as request parameters or model attributes. Known-safe values can be passed by wrapping them in Arel.sql(). (called from initialize at ./app/models/wiki_page.rb:74)
DEPRECATION WARNING: Dangerous query method (method whose arguments are used as raw SQL) called with non-attribute argument(s): "LOWER(title)". Non-attribute arguments will be disallowed in Rails 6.0. This method should not be called with user-provided values, such as request parameters or model attributes. Known-safe values can be passed by wrapping them in Arel.sql(). (called from initialize at ./app/models/wiki_page.rb:74)
DEPRECATION WARNING: Dangerous query method (method whose arguments are used as raw SQL) called with non-attribute argument(s): "LOWER(title)". Non-attribute arguments will be disallowed in Rails 6.0. This method should not be called with user-provided values, such as request parameters or model attributes. Known-safe values can be passed by wrapping them in Arel.sql(). (called from block in <class:Wiki> at ./app/models/wiki.rb:23)
DEPRECATION WARNING: Dangerous query method (method whose arguments are used as raw SQL) called with non-attribute argument(s): "LOWER(title)". Non-attribute arguments will be disallowed in Rails 6.0. This method should not be called with user-provided values, such as request parameters or model attributes. Known-safe values can be passed by wrapping them in Arel.sql(). (called from block in <class:Wiki> at ./app/models/wiki.rb:23)
DEPRECATION WARNING: Dangerous query method (method whose arguments are used as raw SQL) called with non-attribute argument(s): "LOWER(title)". Non-attribute arguments will be disallowed in Rails 6.0. This method should not be called with user-provided values, such as request parameters or model attributes. Known-safe values can be passed by wrapping them in Arel.sql(). (called from test_ordering_pages_should_not_be_case_sensitive at ./test/unit/wiki_test.rb:62)
.

Finished in 0.137138s, 7.2919 runs/s, 7.2919 assertions/s.
1 runs, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
$

I made a patch based on patch.diff and patch2.diff .

Setting the target version to 4.1.0.

Not only PostgreSQL but SQLite is also affected.

Committed the patch. Thank you.